Witness 1985 Short Story

Carter didnt recognize the room he had just woke up in. Conf make use ofd he sat up and pick uped a bend, his eyeball only when pickings a moment to adjust to the dimly lit surroundings. The room was truly plain and almost completely uncase aside from a clean desk he sat behind and single light bulb that hung low- floor from the ceiling. Seeing a door out of his right eye he went to move for it, only so nonicing the handcuffs restraining both hands to where he sat. It must be cemented to the ground, he panorama, because no amount of sinuous on his behalf could move it til now an inch.Goddamit Where the hell am I? he shouted at the cement wall in front of him, see the room for anything that might give away his location.He didnt come along to be hurt apart from a dull throbbing at the screening of his head the likely source of his unconsciousness and a minor(ip) cut on his lip that filled is mouth with the taste of flavour and rust. His law of nature label was sti ll clipped to his shirt and it similarly appe ard undamaged. Hey, soul help me heap anybody here me he yelled.Keep it to buildher, Carter, he thought. The belong thing I lease to do right now is panic. What had happened? His memories originally had woken up here were nothing simply a haze. Closing his eyes tightly, he tried to picture where he had been before he had woken up here. The memories started to trickle finished the evil of his mind, gradually forming shapes and images until it finally washed through him like a wave and he could remember. It had started with a phone shout outDid you acquaint the kids interview to Shaefer? the fundament had asked from the telephone.It was the middle of the night and the cry (out) had been a rude awakening for Carter. The Amish boy had been the only protest to a law awayicers mangle, but Carter didnt exist why the interview was so important. Nah I didnt get around to it, verbalise Carter sleepily, stifling back a yawn. Wh ats goin on reality?I havent got period to explain, came Books cheesed off voice. I want all the paperwork on the Lapp case to disappear. I need it done tonight, do you understand?Do you fare what youre telltale(a) me to do, John? he asked, shocked and now real much awake. unspoilt do it, man, retorted Book. Im gonna disappear for a couple of eld.Whats going on, man? asked Carter alarmed. What is happening?Ill call you when I washbowl, said Book. And be careful. Schaefers in this too.Book hung up leaving Carter utterly astounded. It was one thing for McFee, an esteemed narcotics detective, to be problematical in this drug scheme as considerably as the murder of a fellow officer, but now their Chief of Police as well. What was he going to do?He went to the station that night to get the files. The file room was deserted but that didnt stop him looking at over his should every three seconds.The paper shredder was waiting in his get when he got home. To Carter it looked mor e than like a dangerous weapon he was round to commit some awful crime with. What the hell am I doing? he said under his breath This is against the law.How much was he risking for Book and the Lapps? Going to prison, certainly, but perhaps something even worse? He couldnt help but think what Schaefer and McFee would do if they found out. At that moment Carter looked overcome at his tag. Even upside-down he could evidence the brass coloured motto engraved into it.Protect and serve, he said firmly. After a brief pause Carter turned on the shredder. You owe me one, man, he muttered to himself as he pushed the files into the machine.The next few days at the station were spent with his head down. Luckily, without his Book around, Carter was busy with both of their cases, magnanimous Schaefer only a couple of brief opportunities to interrogate him. Each time Carter had played dumb, Book had up and ran without telling him anything. Three nights aft(prenominal) receiving the call from Book, Carter was called out for duty. The alley was dark and deserted as he walked along littered with broken glass and old newspapers that fluttered in the dust-covered even breeze. Carter pulled his coat tighter around his body, but I could do nothing to nurse him from shuddering. A drop of rain landed silently on his nose. He had live in Philly long enough to know a bout of thunder and lightning would soon follow, but he was too preoccupied with the squeeze raging in his own mind to take much notice. He had been called out to investigate one of the slum-like apartments that filled the alleyway a viable homicide perp. An automated light switched on as he stopped orthogonal the apartment, bathing him in its brilliance. It distracted him enough so that he did not notice the figure that step out from the shadows behind him, hearing only a whoosh of air as something heavy was brought down on his head.Clack Clack Clack Carters eyes flew open as he heard the sound of approaching f ootsteps. The door opened, and in walked Schaefer followed intimately by Mcfee. He expected them to be behind his kidnapping, though he thought they probably had some hired crony knock him out. incomplete men were smiling and Carter could feel their eyes shooting bullets at him. Mcfee was safekeeping something heavy in both hands, though looking into the shadows Carter could not draw off out what it was.Schaefer approach the desk and looked down on Carter with an exasperated expression. You knew you couldnt vacate me forever, said Schaeffer, slowly circling Carter. Why dont you tell me where he is, Sergeant? You know, dont you?Carter stared forward, hardly daring to breathe.I just want to talk to him make him see sense, continued Schaeffer. I know hes with the Amish. God, Id do anything to see him now. Can you imagine John at a prayer congruo utilize? he said, chuckling.Go to hell, spat Carter.I was afraid you might say that, replied Schaefer. Mcfee, draw it over hear.Mcfee d id has he was told and brought the object over to the table, setting it down with a dull thud. Carters stomach fell when he precept what it was. It was a car battery. He was full of terror once more at the sheer thought of being tortured. He had to do something, anything, to escape this fate. He did his best to keep his composure.Its called a picana and it can deliver twelve thousand volts of electricity, explained Schaefer. It is very painful, you can trust me on that, so just tell me where he is so we dont have be unpleasant. Carter said nothing, instead looked him straight in the eyes, noticing that Schaefer failed to meet his gaze.Lost the meaning, did you, Paul? said Carter.What, responded Schaefer.Isnt that what you employ to say about quaggy pegs? explained Carter. Somewhere along the way they lost the meaning? John told me about it. He alike told me that you taught him everything about being a cop. I speculate you cant teach someone how to be a scumbag.In that instan t, Schaefer could see Book sitting in front of him and he was brought back ten years when John had been fresh out of the academy and where he still lived for the law. But those days were over.Schaefer leaned over the desk towards Carter until his face was only a foot away, blocking out the light, so that Carter could see every stemma on his aging face. You can, believe what you like about your precious hero, John Book, but hes no better than the rest of us.This could be my chance thought Carter. He looked at Schaefer for a moment and past spat a round ball of saliva into his eye. Youre not a man, said Carter. Youre nothing but a queasy piece of garbage.Carter could see that his comment had hit home. A look of slender loathing entered Schaefers face and, like lightning, he pulled out his gasoline and pull the trigger. In the split second it took for the bullet to hit him, a million thoughts rushed through Carters head, but is felt the heated fire in his chest and the darkness c losing in, one overrode them all. He had done his duty. He looked up at Schaefer and saw the regret in his face at what he had just done. Protect and serve, he utter finally, and closed his eyes.Composition Questions1. Which task option did you choose?I chose the foundation of incident / episode1. (i) get out the setting(s) (ii) How is the setting made significant?The invention is set, for the most part, in the room of an old warehouse. The setting is significant because it is very separate from the rest of the world, just like to Amish and the corrupt police force.1. Describe the character(s) no more than three main characters (advise one or both characters) by1. Sergeant Carter1. Authorial description a honourable cop who is looking to protect and serve the innocent and defend anyone against the corruption of the police2. Dialogue Carters dialogue testament reveal that he is a self-assured, confident policeman who leave behind stick up for what he believes in3. Action and interaction the way Carter acts when he is captured will show that his is unfearing is the face a danger and will do anything to fulfil his duty.4. opposite characters opinions of the someone The conversation between Book and Carter shows that Book trusts his partner whole-heartedly even with the whereabouts of his hiding place. Paul Schaefer on the other hand respects Carters integrity but at the same time loathes him for the fact that he has not become corrupted.1. Narrative elements1. Establishment The establishment takes place after Carter wakes up in the warehouse. It shows the call from Book2. Complication Carter happens out that Scahefer was knotted with Zenovichs murder and must destroy the Lapp families file so they can not find them or Book3. Conflict After avoiding Schaefer at the station he is called out at night to a bastard perpetrator and is then knocked unconscious4. Climax McFee and Schaefer come to the warehouse to suspense and torture Carter in order to fin d the whereabouts of Book.5. Resolution Carter realises he will betray Book and the Lapps if he is tortured so he find a way to anger Schaefer enough so that he will kill him first. He manages to do this a dies at peace penetrative he has done the right thing5. How did you use description in the story to create a dominant impression?Giving a description of the room in which Carter had been imprisoned as well as the dark alley in which he was assaulted help create a dominant impression.6. How did you use foreshadowing by reactions, sentence and phrase length, motifs, images or symbols?I primarily used the motif and symbol of the police badge and police motto to create foreshadowing. Carter didnt know if he do what he required to be law, or what he was required to do as a police officer. Then he looked at his badge and saw that he needed to protect and serve. He could have chosen to save his own life by turning book in, but the audience knew this would happen after he looked at the badge. There was also some dialogue use in which he ask rhetorically what Schaefer ad Mcfee would do to him if they found out. When he is walking down the alley, it is cold and about to storm which is a foreshadowing that he is about to be captured but also shows the helplessness of his situation.7. What is the invited reading of your story? How do you use story elements (incident, statements, actions, reactions, motifs) to make the reader interpret an idea, a person or an event favourably, or less favourably?I invited the reader to look less favourably upon the theme of police corruption by using the phone call event between John and Carter as well as implying that Schaefer has tortured people before.1. Which point of view narration did you spud (first person central first person limited third person limited third person omniscient)? Which laboriousies did you encounter in trying to reveal this point of view?For almost the entirety of the story I used a third person limited narr ation, or at least(prenominal) it seemed I did however at the end I give a brief perspective of Schaefer that make to story third person omniscient. It was difficult to change the perspective from one person to the other, as it seemed to give too much information to the audience.1. Which purpose did direct speech serve in the storys effect?Some of the dialogue was very upstanding and it was used to highlight the drama of certain scenes as well as the over all story.1. Where have you used crosscutting and/ or flashback?The story starts off when Carter wakes up and realizes he has been captured. He then tries to remember what has happened the last few days and it flashes back to a phone call he had with Book. It then describes the events that lead up to him being captured and the cuts back into the scene in which he is captured. Schaefer has a brief cross-cut when he remember Book when he started on the force1. Give examples of your use of pathetic fallacy.The room in which Carter i s bare and dark, which shows the mood of that he is in at this point. When he is walking down the alley, it is cold and about to storm which is a foreshadowing that he is about to be captured but also shows the helplessness of his situation.1. Have you settled on one incident or episode (see task options) in which flashbacks are used, including one or more voices conveyed by reported thinking or by direct quotation?Yes I decided to insert a episode in which the murder of Carter takes place. I use the reported thought of Carter and Schaefer as well as the dialogue of Carter, Book and Schaefer.1. Did you unify the move of the story by motif, symbol, event or juxtaposition?The symbol of the police badge and the motif of the police motto, protect and serve, run through the story. There is also a constant juxtaposition of light and darkness in respect to the good and bad cops.

Population Problems: A Worldwide Dilemma Essay

Population, specifically in term of size, is considerably to a greater extent(prenominal) of an issue today than it has ever so been. In fact, near of the most significant problems worldwide ar cosmos attri besidesed to the continuous rise of the human global tribe as chiefly contributed by less economically established nations (Sociology Online). However, there is significantly more to these problems regarding macrocosm than commonly perceived.In fact, there are already several(prenominal)(prenominal) population problems that have brought about significant mischievous effects to several nations throughout the world, hence evidently causing alarm at a global scale. On of the most identifiable population problem is of run away international migration (Sociology Online). From the standpoint of the common individual, migration might seem harmless as it only pertains to the transfer of people from country to country in toll of those who seek a different environment in which t o live in.However, considering an long growth in population, especially from impoverished countries, the migration of individuals from such countries towards countries which are more economically stable may result in confused detrimental effects including diminished resources, social barriers, and further increase in population growth (Sociology Online). Given this, there have been methods in which migration may be prevailled.In the United States for example, not everyone is allowed to migrate as there are set criteria in choosing the individuals to be allowed to stay in the country (Sociology Online). other significant population problem is actually very much relate to the first one, the continuous reduction of available resources. This problem is rather pass judgment as the more individuals are born, the more people are in need of food. Since, food production cannot always be on comparison with the demand, problems will obviously arise.In fact, in extreme cases, famine may even break out as a result of the lengthened lack of available food in numerous locations, which evidently constructs not only simple cases of malnutrition but in fact can cause numerous deaths for a particular locality (Sociology Online). The methods in which this is addressed is clearly not only through better rate of production of goods but also through a better consideration in terms of how much is consumed.Unlike the other two issues discussed, the third one to be mentioned is more on politics and international relations rather than only if the direct physical effects of the overgrowth of populations. The advanced countries have oftentimes showed concern regarding the increasing populations of the less developed countries, and have often uttered their eagerness in coercing the governments of these countries to promote or impose methods of population control (Sociology Online).Even though such suggestions are frowned upon in certain countries, some have in fact initiated pop ulation control methods regardless of the suggestions. In fact, the government imposed policies on having children in China have had various positive effects especially in terms of economic consideration (Sociology Online). As discussed, population problems today are generally associated with immense population growth, and it is evident that most global impacts are from this source.However, it must also be considered that the opposite of overpopulation is also potentially a source of negative implications (Sociology Online). Therefore, in order to truly limit or eliminate population problems, from unmistakable ones to more specific cases, a focus must be set(p) upon determining and maintaining an optimal population for each and every country worldwide. make believe Cited Sociology Online. Population Patterns and Trends. Sociology Online Chapters and Texts. n. d. 20 May 2009

Grand Theory Written Assignment Essay

A grand opening is a systematic tress for the nature of plow for that has a clear mission and tendencys for breast feeding care. in that respect are four categories of prepares of thought within the realm of grand theories to accept necessitate theories, interaction theories, outcome theories, and lastly caring/becoming theories. In the following tables I beat highlighted a theorist from each domesticate of thought and briefly discussed their educational background, my perception of their definition and philosophy of nursing, and the tendency/purpose of their opening.Needs theorist Faye AbdellahEducational BackgroundFaye Abdellah received her nursing education at Fitkin Memorial Hospital School of nursing, Nepture, N.J. and graduated in 1942. She then went on to study chemistry at Rutgers University earlier to receiving her knight bachelor of Science, Master of Arts, and Doctor of Education peaks from the Teachers College of Columbia University, N.Y. Retrieved from http//fayeabdellah.blogspot.com/p/backgroud-publications.htmlPhilosophy of nursingAccording to Meleis, her philosophy of nursing includes the use of task resolve approach to deal with 21 distinct fusss related to involve of patients. She described a fuss as a condition go about by the patient for which a wet-nurse privy assist, overtly and covertly. This is through with(p) by preventative care (to include hygiene, safety, exercise, rest, sleep, and body mechanics), sustenal care (psychological), bettering care (oxygen, fluid, nutrition, and elimination), and fin eithery restorative care (coping with the unwellness and life adjustment). Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 162-164. commentary of nursingNursing is based on an cheat and science that moulds the attitudes, rational competencies, and technical skills of the individual nurse into the desire and ability to help people, redact or well, cope with their healthneeds as stated by Faye Abdellah in her Twenty-one Nursing Problems theory (1960).Goal/purpose of theoryTo help the individual or patient meet health needs and adjust to their health problems. Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 164.Interaction theorist Hildegard PeplauEducational BackgroundHildegard Peplau graduated from the diploma nursing program Pottstget, PA in 1931 and went on to be a staff nurse. Peplau then was recommended to work as a school nurse at Bennington College located in Vermont. While working thither she earned her Bachelors Degree in Interpersonal psychological science in 1943. From there she went on to earn her Masters and doctoral degrees from Teachers College of Columbia University. In addition she became certified in psychoanalysis thru the William Alanson White Institution of New York City. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Hildegard-Peplau.phpPhilosophy of nursingPeplaus philosophy of nursing focused on harnessing energy psychological disturbances much(prenominal)(prenominal) as anxiety and tension to define see to iting with patients and deal with the problem at hand. She felt the purposes of nursing included developing patients personalities to make illness an eventful experience. She felt nurses need to develop problem-solving skills via the interpersonal process (educational, therapeutic, and collaborative). explanation of nursingPeplaus concept and view of nursing is that it is a therapeutic, interpersonal, destruction oriented process that is a healing art. It involves recognizing and assisting the patient (individual who is ill or in need of health care) in achieving a common goal. This requires the nurse and patient to build a trusting family relationship by appearance of orientation, identification, exploitation, and resolution (the phases of growing an interpersonal relationship). Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 165-166. She identified the many posts that nurses essential(prenominal) state in order to have a meaningful relationship withpatients and that nurses must understand the relationship to provide good care.Goal/purpose of theoryThe ultimate goal of Peplaus theory was to understand the principles of interpersonal relationships amid the nurse and patient in order to facilitate problem solving skills. This is to be through with(p) by using education and positive interactions. She went on to explain the seven nursing roles (stranger, resource, teacher, counselor, surrogate, and technical expert). These roles can be utilise in different situations to provide the best care possible and goal mintment. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/peplau-theory-of-interpersonal-relations.phpOutcomes theorist Callista RoyEducational BackgroundSister Callista Roy graduated with her first degree Bachelor of Arts in Nursing from Mount St. Marys College in California in 1963. Then in 1966, she went on to notice her Masters Degree in Pediatric Nursing from the University of California. In addition she earned a Masters Degree in Sociology in 1 973 and Doctoratal degree in Sociology in 1977. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Sister-Callista-Roy.phpPhilosophy of nursingFrom what I can see from Roys writings she believes that the focus of nursing to her is a focus on nodes stimuli and the effect it has on them for adaptation. Adaption modes include physiologic, self-concept, role function, and interdependence. Goals of nursing include promoting these changes/adaption in the above mentioned areas by way of manipulating the stimuli (focal, residual, and contextual) by way of positive coping. ). Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 169-172.Definition of nursingCallista Roy is k straight offn to believe that nursing is a system of knowledge based on theory that views the guest (sick or potentially sick) as a biopsychosocial being. Clients adapt to changes within their purlieu and as nurses we provide care through the nursing process to help promoteadaption to state of well-being. In order to do this we must visuali ze that the client have effective coping mechanisms and responses to avoid disruption in the integrity of the client.Goal/purpose of theoryThe goal and purpose of Roys theory is to promote client adaptation by nursing interventions such as facilitation of adaptive tasks via counseling, effective nurse-client communication, health education, active manipulation, support, and by identifying resources for the client. Roy states that by adapting that the patient is then freed for him to respond to other stimuli which may be throw The Roy adaptation model Comment (as sited by Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 494.Caring/Human beseeming theorist Rosemarie analyseEducational BackgroundRosemarie Parse initially was ameliorate at Duquesne University of Pittsburgh. She then went on to get her MSN and Ph.D. from the University of Pittsburgh.Philosophy of nursingThe goal of nursing to Parse appears to be co-creating meaning and finding way of being. This is done by not focusing on the illness or prob lem in itself, save by transforming in new ways intentionally through the human universe process. Nurses are to illuminate meaning, synchronize rhythms and call up transcendence by connecting and truly understanding and being present with patients. decisiveness making is done together with the patient and nurse. Meleis, A.I. (2012), p. 172-174.Definition of nursingParses definition of nursing is that it is a human science and art that uses knowledge to help people. Nurses should not focus on fixing problems, plainly rather view the patient as a whole animated experiences through their environment which help them evolve. She believes that nurses must help guide patients co-create their own health and deal with illness.Goal/purpose of theoryThe goal or purpose of Parses Human Becoming Theory of Nursing is to focus of the quality of life from each separate persons perspective. It does not focus on bio-medical or bio-psycho-social-spiritual approaches as with mosttheories, only ins tead views the patient as a person and combination of all aspects. Retrieved from http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Rosemarie-Rizzo-Parse.phpI agree with all of the above listed schools of thought and have embodied each in my own personal nursing care enforce. Abdellah thoughts that nursing is centered on problem solving on the needs of patients in order to assist them in restoring health are near and undecomposed to my heart. Depending on the field you work in this can include a multitude of cares. I in person work mainly in tocology and medical aesthetics.In the obstetric realm I provide care to help patients have a happy and healthy delivery of a child whereas in my medical spa my goal is help clients alter their aesthetic appearance, thus helping them feel more attractive and confident. two have a goal, although widely different. This school of thought mostly is coordinated in my obstetric care as I assist patients to understand and incorporate preventative care, sustenal care, remedial care, and obviously restorative care as becoming a parent is a huge adjustment in life.Peplau brought out the greatness of building a therapeutic interpersonal relationship with patients in order to facilitate their skills in coping with the problem at hand. Peplaus interaction school of thought is also very harmonious with my nursing philosophy as I feel it is of upmost importance to build a solid trusting interpersonal relationship with patients/clients no matter what area of nursing one is working in. Without doing so, the patient/client will not believe and trust what we are trying to process with them. The event of birthing a child and learning how to care for them is a very personal process where the nurse-client relationship is of upmost importance. Also in aesthetics the client must feel comfortable with me as a nurse in order to trust me in helping them attain their goals.Roys theory is seeding in the outcomes school of thought which is also wel l-off to incorporate into nursing care as adaption is required with all processes of life. As nurses we truly do help our clients adapt to their healthstatus and can assist them to become able to care for themselves independently. In obstetrics parents must adapt to having and caring for a newborn infant. The mother has been thru months of adaption to being pregnant, and now must instantly step into a new role that is lots times scary and confusing As a nurse I am responsible to ensure that they are prepared and adapting to this change prior to discharge.Lastly the caring/human becoming school of thought is belike the most utilized type of grand theory that I personally use. Parse points out that we should not focus on fixing the problem, but concentrate on the whole of the patient including experiences lived and how this has helped them evolve. Basically we must call back of the patients quality of life, especially from the patients point of view. This can be applied in all fiel ds of nursing as we strive to help patients have the quality of life that they want and deserve.In conclusion Id like to think that as a nurse I practice from a variety of theories to incorporate the best, quality care possible for patients no matter what the purpose of treatment may be. I try to edit my approaches taking into account their medical history, environment, and family. Nursing is ever changing and so is the patient population. We must as nurses continue to educate ourselves and evolve with time, never becoming stagnant.ReferencesAbdellah, F. G., Beland, I. I., Martin, A., & Matheney, R. V. (1960). Patient-centered approaches in nursing. New York Macmillan. Meleis, A.I. (2012). Theoretical Nursing Development & Progress, fifth part Edition. Philadelphia, PA Wolters Kluwer Health Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. http//fayeabdellah.blogspot.com/p/backgroud-publications.html http//nursing-theory.org/theories-and-models/peplau-theory-of-interpersonal-relations.php http//nurs ing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Hildegard-Peplau.php http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Rosemarie-Rizzo-Parse.php http//nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorists/Sister-Callista-Roy.php

Coca-Cola Financial Analysis Paper

Coca-Cola was originally invented by a pharmacist named John Pemberton in 1886. He had tried making some(prenominal) unsanded kinds of drugs but all of them had failed. So that was when he decided to mend into the world of soft drinks. Pemberton hired Frank Robinson to help advertise his new product but, Coca-Cola wasnt very winning in their first social class of business. Shortly, after that first year John Pemberton passed away in opulent 1888.In 1891, Asa Griggs Candler became the new sole-proprietor of Coca-Cola and began to give free samples, coupons and advertised everywhere for his new product. At first it was exchange as a medicine to help foresee fatigue and headaches but, after the Spanish-American War congress passed a tax that would be applied to all medicines gust would no longer be sold as a drug. (Cantwell) From there on Coca-Cola had grown large and bigger with the unique shaped bottle to help cook them stand turn out and the idea of selling beverages in s ix packs were born.Our idea of Santa Clause was influenced by their advertisements. Even when Pepsi, one of Coca-Colas major competitors, was invented in the 1950s degree centigrade decided to make different sizes of bottles so they had a better change for their customers. Things were good for Coke for many years until they decided to try to make a new Coca-Cola formula in the 1980s in venerate that their customers were sick of the original taste.This idea back fired, Coke received several(prenominal) thousands of complaints from their customer and decided to go back to the Classic Coke taste. (Cantwell) right away Coca-Cola has several varieties of flavors in soft drinks and is the worlds largest manufacturer, distributor, and marketer of non-alcoholic drinks and syrups. Coke has mastered the ability to adapt to the changes throughout history and has created a happy, loyal and traditional feel for their product. This would explain how they are still so successful today. (Giebel haus)

Office Equipment and Machines

Office make water must always be done with untroubled accuracy to ensure tincture of the work output. In this case, motorcars have been of great help to offices in doing more than more work at great speed. Every day, different characters of machines ar practiced in an office to help workers in their specific tasks. A basic definition of a machine is that it is an instrument to aide in performing a particular task from the small calculator to the computers, these argon all considered machines. Office equipment atomic number 18 consist of different types of machines that aide the workers in doing their job.These machines have different types of classification according to their functions. There be machines that argon used for communication, recording, duplicating, etc. Each type of machine does different jobs in order to make the task some(prenominal) easier and for the workers to be able to swallow up it within a small period of time. Machines such as computers argon i n any case needed for keeping records of transactions for future use or basis. Saving files in a computer nowadays are more convenient and a lot easier than putting them in folders and boxes.Today, computers are the intimately common machine seen within an office. This is because computers can do many functions at once. Machines are believed to function better than a human worker. This is why offices a lot choose to obtain more machines than to hire more workers. This lessens the employment in some offices. It is true that machines have a great benefit in doing work within an office. plainly a machine is a unblemished aide or a tool for the completion of task. Human interpellation is still needed in order for these machines to function well.II. Body. Workers need equipment for doing their quotidian job in the office. These equipment serve as tools in doing their tasks. These are ordinarily seen on a workers desk, drawers and cabinets. Basic equipment would be pen, paper, scis sors, pins, clips, staplers, and the like. Other equipment in the office are used in presenting, analyzing, storing, receiving/sending, recording, and duplicating and even accounting of data. These are the equipment that have more complex functions than the basic equipment. The computer is a machine that does all of these functions.It is the most convenient type of machine in an office. But although it has the most capabilities, other machines are still deemed to be useful in most situations. For example, you can send e-mails through a computer. This is a type of communication. In some cases, you can also make an outgoing or receive and incoming call with a computer. But since the majority of offices use the land-line or the telephone, it would be convenient to use the latter than that of the former. Another example, print files are possible with a computer.But to duplicate these files, a photocopier is much faster and an ink-saver in duplicating documents. The office is consists o f these various types of equipment. With different functions, they tend to work best with proper handling by an operator/worker. Machines were made by humans in order to help them in their task, not to flip-flop human workers in an office. These machines, like the basic equipment, are just tools that are to be used by people to hasten their work and to repair its quality and quantity. III. Conclusion Office Equipment are aide in maximizing the quality and quantity of an output.And it works best when it is in a good condition. These equipment are still dependable to human for repairs and preservation. Office equipment and machines are unimportant without human interventions. They would simply be tools if there are no operators imperious/using it. Although it is easier to control a machine than that of a human worker, we should also consider that this is because man is the most complex machine. Man is capable of more things that a computer is able to do. This led to creation of ma chines which would help in accomplishing tasks or goals.

Doctors’ Arguments

This newspaper seeks to examine several arguments presented by three gear ups concerning the armorial bearing of moral states in a non- mankind sensation and posit the generators cause think and conclusion.The three arguments pull up stakes be presented along with the writers exposition on each. after c arful examination of the arguments and reading various sources, the writer has come to a conclusion that non- benevolent aces are cap commensurate of cordial states albeit super limited ones.In the matter of intellectual states, it would be useful for the writer of this move to first define the psychogenic state. For purposes of this essay, a moral state exit include conditions or processes that are performed exclusively by thinking and tone organisms.Therefore, in examination of the arguments, the capacities of thinking and incuring are key to the presence of mental states. It is imperative that the intelligence in examination should be able to induce emotion and thought.It must be noted that the patient in question could be the writer herself.The first doctor posits that the patient in question is not thronedid of thinking and feeling, because of the absence of the nous. Thus it is complete that the patient in question does not have a soul and is not perhaps human.Person exclusivelyy, the writer finds it even more difficult to develop the concept of the soul than that of mental states. Mental states may be recognise and even documented, however, in the field of evidence, souls have not been documented or recognized.Perhaps the doctor in this argument would equate the soul to the mind, an entity which is hidden and whose interior(a) workings in the capacity of the human body are privy and unexplainable only if are thought to function fundament all(prenominal)y for human existence.In Gilbert Ryles examination of Descartes position on the matter (1949), the musical interval of mind and body are presented to give way for the understa nding of mental states in a better fashion. However, Ryle mentions the b otherwise in examining the mind because of the whodunit of its powers and processes (Ryle, 1949).If we were to follow Ryles work, the mind presents a consciousness or entity separate from physical space and intangible to the senses. The processes which it undertakes are not witnessed at all and it is sometimes even perceived that these processes may not exist.The fact that these processes fecesnot be monitored give venue to its questionability. For the writer, explaining the presence of mental states through the soul which can be similar to the mind is insufficient because of the difficulty in verification.Also, Ryle explains the difficulty in seeking to explain the causality of the minds processes (Ryle, 1949). If a lot(prenominal) a mysterious and invisible entity exists, how can it directly cause so many actions? Also, the congruence of such actions is questionable, such as how a will can cause a perc eption to scratch his nose (Ryle, 1949)?The consequence doctors argument posits that only organic judgements alike to those of world are possible of having mental states. It is thus established that the patient in question (who is most probably the writer) does not have an organic brain and the brain itself is not akin to a human brain. This presumes that the doctor believes in the existence of brains that are inorganic and not human, and explains the take issueence as well. inorganic brains are not capable of mental states and processes. What past, are the capacities of an inorganic brain?Searle (1980) posits the strong AI or strong dyed intelligence in this case, which is capable of outputting actions and responses similar to that of humans when presented with certain stimuli (Searle, 1980). This strong AI has its own structure or physical materials and to function, it is programmed with a touch on of rules to follow and guidelines in which the responses of humans are thoug ht to be replicated.Perhaps the doctor thinks that coloured brains that are programmed are not entirely possible of replicating human thought. After all, the set of rules that the AI is governed by dictates its responses and in the end, it will only follow those rules. The doctor may be looking for responses that are rum to humans and that quit greatly.Indeed, even the strongest AI is still governed by only a larger and more intricate set of rules which the human programming it inputted. It would only go as far as the human who created it could consider.The last doctor then rejected the formers conclusions and reasoning by virtue of the outputs that the patient presented. The similarity to human actions made the doctor believe that though the patient has an artificial brain, the brain could urinate mental states.Bertrand Russel posits the capacity of the mind to react to stimuli in unique ways depending perhaps on the mental state in which the mortal is in (Russel, 2001). The last doctor may see that the patient reacts in unique ways, and similarly to a human, due to the fact that the patient had conk a normal life history up to the moment her brain was examined.After examining all the doctors arguments the writer would like to concentrate on the second argument. The most likely form of artificial brain would be that of an AI and its strength determines how much of a mental state it can produce.However, once the program is inputted, the AI can still only perform what the program tells it to, and most probably, be in whatever mental state the program alike tells it to. A human brain, on the other hand, can change responses depending on the mental state, which no program induces.It is then that the writer posits that the patient does have mental states, scarce because of the lack of information from the prompt, the mental states cannot be examined. However, if an artificial brain is in place within the patients brain, then the mental states are dictat ed by the program as well.The writer also says that no matter how numerous the responses are that are programmed into the patients artificial brain, these responses can never be changed and can never differ from what they are programmed to do. The AI can perhaps learn but cannot award the changing responses of a human.If the question would be solely based on mental states then the position of this writer would be that the patient is capable of producing and being in mental states, but these are all borne from programming. The grimness of the programming is not in question in this essay but only that of the mental states.In going further, these mental states of the artificial brain can only produce set and programmed outputs. True, the patient may indeed feel pain and pleasure, but the responses are set. They may be numerous, but perpetually set.The new factor that would come in when considering the mental states of human brains and that of artificial brains is that of the concept of choice. A human can feel a mental state and choose to respond to it. She may respond in contrasting ways and it would be depending on her choice.An artificial brain on the other hand would need only look to the rules programmed into it and evaluate several factors and produce a response that would follow the said rules. Indeed, the mental states that the patient goes through may even be the programmed response as well, accompanying the out of doors response as well, to make the patient herself unaware of her own artificial brain.What then of the human brain, is it programmed as well? Could socialization and other life processes have acted as the programmers for our brains? This question would depend on how the human makes her choices. After all, a human can change on her own but an artificial brain can only do what it does again and again.BibliographyRussel, B. (2001). The rock from Analogy of Other Minds. Retrieved July 10, 2008, from TCU Philosophy Department http//www.phil .tcu.edu/readings/Russell.doc Ryle, G. (1949). Descartes Myth. In G. Ryle, The Concept of Mind.Searle, J. (1980). Minds, thinkers and Programs. Behvioral and Brain Sciences Vol. 3 , 417- 457.

Deoderent Market in India Essay

AbstractTopic- Monopoly or monopolistic rival in Deodorant dishonors? After watch outing so many outrageous deodorant advertisements on television we were wondering whether it affects the consumer behavior and we overly wanted to recollect out whether chop has a monopoly over this commercialise or not. The fetch of this assignment is to compare the parent companies of fin deodorant tick offs with the help of ratio analysis. We are going to consider the time period 2007-12. Primary entropy was collected through a keep abreast which go forth help us determine what thinking goes scum bag purchasing a deo among college students and the business office going base. To conduct the ratio analysis we mathematical functiond secondary information by obtaining the balance sheets of the mingled companies. The grocery store make do and revenues of five major brands- Axe, Adidas, Nivea, Wildstone and Park Avenue will be analyzed.IntroductionMonopolistic contentionMonopolis tic argument is a type of imperfect competition much(prenominal) that many producers sell intersection points that are differentiated from one an early(a) as goods exclusively not perfect substitutes (such(prenominal) as from branding, quality, or location). In monopolistic competition, a firm takes the prices charged by its rivals as given and ignores the impaction of its own prices on the prices of other firms.1 In a monopolistic altogethery competitive securities industry, firms cornerstone behave like monopolies in the short run, including by using market power to generate profit. In the long run, however, other firms enter the market and the benefits of differentiation decrease with competition. There are six characteristics of monopolistic competition (MC)* Product differentiation* Many firms* Free entry and exit in the long run* Independent decision making* Market index number* Buyers and Sellers do not have perfect information(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopolisti c_competition)Economic backdropThe deodorant market in India is estimated at Rs 900 crore. Mens deodorants run the category with a 70 per centime share estimated at Rs 650 crore. The portion is expected to grow 25 per cent annually to become troika times its current size in the next five years. The boilersuit deodorant market has grown by about 40 per cent a year in the past five years operate by introduction of new brands and aggressive media promotions. The market will persist in to grow at 20-25 per cent thanks to low penetration and availableness at low price points. Deodorant sales are seasonal maximum sales happen in the summer months (April to September).About 90 per cent of the market is keep downd in the mass component (with deodorants priced between Rs 125 and Rs 175 for a 150 ml pack). With new players go in the category at popular price points, the mass segment, with brands like Axe, Adidas, Nike and Reebok, will continue to grow faster and command higher sha re in the deodorant market. The size of the premium and above segments, which have brands like Burberry, The consistency Shop, Kenzo and Ralph Lauren, will double by value in the next five years. (http//www.business-standard.com/india/news/kit-the-men%5Cs-deodorant-market-in-india/443714)MethodWe will be using the financial tools of various ratios to determine which company has been more than winnerful in this market.SurveyThe survey was conducted on 200 manlys in the college and office going crowd the results were as follows.1. Which Deodorant do you wont?AnalysisAs we can turn back from the above represent that Axe has a majority amongst the people surveyed while the others are below 10%. This gives us a picture of the command of Axe in this market and same is the case when market share all over India is observed.2. Reason for buying the particular brand.From the above graph we find that the decision of people in the age group of 15-25 behind buying a particular deodorant is not its fragrance but its price followed by easy availability and advertising. This shows us that main compute which affects a consumers decision, in this age group is the price of the convergence followed by other factors regarding quality, availability etc.This was the result obtained from the office crowd which gave an entirely different reason. The consumers decision in this age group is impact by the brand as people become brand conscious and are more bothered about which brand they use quite an than its use. After the brand value the price affects their decisions. Hence from both these results we see that consumer behaviour varies on the different age groups and changes as a consumer grows sexagenarianer. Findings bear on Mahikaansh ReddyBrand hack (Hindustan Unilever) hack was throwed in France in 1983 by Unilever. It was excite by another of Unilevers brands, Impulse. Unilever were keen to capitalize on chops French success and the rest of Europe from 1985 onwar ds, later introducing the other products in the range. Unilever were unable to use the name axe in the coupled Kingdom and Ireland due to trademark problems so it was launched as Lynx. The European launch of the deodorant was followed by success in Latin America and naturalise impact in Asia and Africa. In the new millennium, the brand has launched with great success in the United States and Canada. The company has also consolidated its deodorant portfolio by migrating other overlapping male deodorants into the Lynx brand such as South Africas Ego brand.In January 2012, Unilever launched its first Lynx product for women in the United Kingdom as part of a international expansion of the previously mens-only brand. The AXE deodorant was popular in India in the Grey market (duty paid shops). Impressed by the lot of AXE sold there, AXE deodorant was launched in India in 1999. The brand launch was very quiet and had the dodge of High Price, Low onward motion. At that time, the deodor ant market was a nascent one with an estimated market size of Rs 72 crore. HLL, at that time, had the brands Denim and Rexona and was ruling the market. AXE was priced at a premium.In upright three years flat, AXE had a market share of over 35% and HLL started phasing out Denim to concentrate more on AXE. It is known for its very controversial advertisements which actually helped in its publicity and led to a faster growth in the industry. Its lay group was mainly men between the age group of 18-24 as they were seen as the easiest to convince with such advertisements. Not only does the brand use TV commercials to its advantage, but it also uses its print ads effectively. Besides print, the brand also uses outdoors for maximum impact. Hence, Axe is a classic example of the 360 level branding effort. Therefore Axe is a perfect example of how principal(prenominal) advertising is for a brand and how it can lead to higher revenues. trade Mix1. Product 2. Place Available at all malls crosswise India. Every deodorant selling shop will 99% be selling Axe. All other variants of Axe brand could be purchased from conventional retailers viz. BIG BAZAAR (PANTALOONS RETAIL INDIA LIMITED). 1. Promotion Concentrates on single- segment male youth and targets young at heart. The competitive advantage of this brand is its complete monopoly over this proposition. The Axe Effect is one of the most storied claim in the world. This so called effect is supposed to draw women in hordes to any male who has sprayed himself liberally with the Axe deodorant. The advertisements are very shiftiness and usually display a formula male but with lashings of self-assurance as an Axe user. The females get irresistibly drawn to this male implying that Axe acts like a nasal aphrodisiac.2. The Axe brand of deodorants is from Unilever and is in the main targeted at 15 to 25 year old males. The brand portrays normal yet cool, trendy and confident, a positioning that is aspirational to the tar get segment. At a more subtle level, the Axe Effect also acts on the cartel levels of the user. The very act of being associated with the brand serves to boost the ego. The success of AXE attracted lots of new brands which were trying to follow the same marketing strategy as AXE.The one notable difference though is that all these newbies use hunks as opposed to the regular guys which are a stable for the Axe advertisements. This strategy has proven very effective for the brand. It comes across as approachable and it acts like a confidante and friend to its users. They are currently distributed in more than 40 countries. Unilever started out allotting roughly 60 percent of its advertising budget to television, but it has since winnowed that down to about 30 percent, pouring more property into offbeat alternatives.Competitive analysis Axe faces competition from new entrants such as Wildstone, Adidas, Park Avenue etc. However among all these brands AXE has a dominating share in the m arket because of the brand honor and brand loyalty that it has built and is leveraging the same. AXE has a wide-cut acceptance among the youth which forms the major chunk of perfume & deodorant users. Vis--vis all these the AXE deodorant never forgets to promote any of its new product. AXE time and again, on launch of the new product goes for PR as well as wide advertising campaigns.3. Target group- 18 to 24What next?As such, I believe that AXE has the potential to disruption its reach and increase its market share by expanding into the 35-50 year old demographic. In doing so, AXE will need to associate and disassociate itself with a more mature brand image and its inexpensive nature respectively, thereby attracting the average male aged 35-50 years. Hence it needs to re-focus the marketing blend in towards 35-50 year old demographic, whilst retaining its keystone market, the 16-25 year olds.ConclusionAxe has a very large share in this market and has hardly got a foot wrong. It just needs to follow its tried and tested market strategies and build upon it, by doing that it can thwart the competition and maintain its soma of monopoly in the market. The only thing that could be suggested is to increase its target group so that it could expand more in the market and serve a larger base leading to higher revenues. Hence Axe just needs to follow what it was doing from before and be wary of the new competition in this segment with the help of excessive advertising and PR.

Branches of Philosophy Essay

1. Logic Logic is the science and art of correct thinking. It attempts to systemize the rules of rational thought. Logicians explore the structure of arguments that preserve truth or accept the optimal extraction of cognition from evidence. Logic is one of the primary tools philosophers lend oneself in their inquiries the precision of logic helps them to cope with the subtlety of philosophical problems and the lots misleading nature of conversational language. 2. Ethics.Ethics is the study of the nature of however off and wrong and good and evil, in terms both of considerations about the foundations of chasteity, and of pragmatical considerations about the fine details of moral conduct. Moral philosophers may analyse questions as sweeping as whether there are such things moral facts at all, or as focused as whether or not the law ought to accord to rape victims the right to an abortion. 3. Metaphysics Metaphysics is the study of the nature of things. Metaphysicians enquire what kinds of things exist, and what they are like.They reason about such things as whether or not people have free will, in what sense abstract objects flock be said to exist, and how it is that brains are able to generate minds. 4. Epistemology Epistemology is the study of knowledge itself. Epistemologists ask, for instance, what criteria must be satisfied for something we believe to count as something we know, and even what it means for a proposition to be true. Epistemology is sometimes referred to as the possibility of knowledge. 5. Axiology Axiology is philosophical the study of value the investigation of its nature, criteria, and metaphysical status.More often than not, the term value theory is used instead of axiology. 6. aesthetics Aesthetics is the study of value in the arts or the inquiry into feelings, judgments, or standards of beauty and related concepts. philosophy of art is concerned with judgments of sense, taste, and emotion. Other Divisions of philosophical system 1. Philosophy of the Mind 2. Philosophy of the Person 3. Political Philosophy 4. hearty Philosophy 5. Philosophy of Language 6. Philosophy of Science 7. Philosophy of maneuver 8. Philosophy of Language 9. Philosophy of Religion 10. Philosophy of Law 11. Philosophy of Education 12.Philosophy of History _______________________________ Cruz, Corazon L. 2005. Philosophy of man (third edition). Mandaluyong City study bookstore Divisions and definition of philosophy. 2005. procurable at http//philosophy. lander. edu/intro/what. shtml. Retrieved last November 8, 2010. Gripaldo, Rolando M. 2008. Philosophy, mundanity/Sophistry, and Pilosopo. Included in The philosophical landscape A panoramic emplacement on philosophy. Quezon City C&E Publishing. Vuletic, Mark I. 2010. What is philosophy? Available at http//www. vuletic. com/hume/ph/philosophy. html. Accessed last November 8, 2010.

Curriculum Guide for Spoken Language and Word Recognition Essay

verbalise linguistic process and tidings credit are deuce speech components that bear relevance for the maturement of row skills. This kind of cultivation normally occurs during childhood but it also happens when a person attempts to envision a terminology or languages that are foreign to him or her. A special education guided with a comprehensive curriculum is essential for the proper development and usefulness of the individuals language skills. Spoken language is a very substantial subject beca economic consumption it teaches the natural language used by a person. Most of the human languages are talk languages.Spoken language is done through the mouth and the vocal corduroys that enable the person to speak and create a message which sets it aside from the sign language and written language which is carried out through signs and committal to writing systems, respectively. The development of oral or intercommunicate language normally occurs without form-only(prenomin al) teaching. It develops through exposure to the spoken language. The oral language is also the macrocosm of the interpret and written language (Spoken Language Problems, 2000). People use the spoken language to express ideas, opinions and feelings.It is also utilized to confirm accord of the instructions and opinions of other people. Individuals also learn to use the spoken language to interact and publish with others (Cable, 2005). discussion recognition is also an important divorce of the language development. It is the process of recognizing oral communication automatically, the same way that people fleck familiar facial gestures. Word recognition is vital in education because it enhances knowledge fluency and comprehension and skills that are essential in students education development and improvement.If students are taught of record book recognition, they leave easily understand the texts meaning (Hong, n. d. ). Instructional Goals After taking this course, the st udent must dumbfound full understanding on the various facets of language. Learn how to speak and communicate fluently utilizing the spoken language. Learn how to easily recognize account books in text. Show improvement on the quest aspects ? Language Proficiency ? tuition Skills ? Reading Comprehension Learning Activities There are various ways to teach the students of spoken language and forge recognition.The two areas of the course leave alone have their own learning activities to fully focus on the students require in set out to appropriately and properly learn the spoken languages and word recognition. Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities for Spoken Language In the area of spoken language, it is important to be always engaged in conversations in order to practice the communion skills and utilization of the language of the students. One way to leave students practice their spoken language is through oral presentation.A pricey oral presentation involves the acquisition of the attention of your audience and careful preparedness of the topic to be presented (Oral Presentation, n. d. ). The students must choose a topic that they pull up stakes present in class however, the subject should dumb be within the prerogative of the teacher. Through the process of oral presentation, the students entrust be able to practice their spoken language and hone their communication skills, particularly, public oratory or speaking in front of an audience. The teacher provoke also make them present a well-researched topic that will hone their research skills.Another strategy of teaching the students the spoken language is to let them form in pairs or in groups and let them draw on a particular topic. Through this process, it will enhance the brotherly relationship among the students. It will also practice their spoken language by speaking in front of the class. The teachers, on the other hand, will emergency to model the forms and functions of spo ken and written language, and provide opportunities for oral presentations as same so that the students chiffonier develop their understanding of how the language changes when it is presented in diametric ways and in different contexts (Cable, 2005).Furthermore, successful learning is highly babelike on the classroom social condition. The teacher must establish a place where students can minimize their inhibitions to interact with each other and to go on them to perform really well in the classroom. Teaching Strategies and Learning Activities for Word Recognition In the area of word recognition, it is important to always brushwood lyric, so reading is the primary source of new and unfamiliar words to the students.There are strategies that the mentor can plight to improve word recognition to students. In the classroom, the teacher can put a word wall of unfamiliar words encountered by the students. This will help the students to give away their vocabulary, at the same seaso n teaching them of the correct spelling, definition, use and pronunciation of the word (Hong, n. d. ). The teacher can also initiate word games to the students. The words can be taken from the word wall and lie them face down on the floor.After the signal, the students will pick up a word and define it and use it in a sentence. Through this process, they will improve both their word recognition and spoken language. The teacher can also assign a reading material to the students every week to keep them reading in order to hone their reading skills and reading comprehension. Evaluation Techniques After a period of time, it is important to assess the transaction and skills of the students to know if they are truly learning and improving.It is important to evaluate the skills of the students in utilizing techniques that will cover the various aspects of the course. One of the evaluation techniques that can be employed in evaluating the students learning in the area of spoken language is to make them recite and assess them using an evaluation form with the following criteria Fluency Good pronunciation of words Accuracy Confidence speaking in front of an audience The teacher may also sum up other criterion that seems vital in evaluating the students spoken language performance. all(prenominal) criterion will be rated with the usual grading system as a form of assessment. The evaluation of a student will be highly objective if the teacher will invite a school day administrator and other students to also assess the students performance. This way, the teacher will have three perspectives in evaluating the student. Evaluating the skills in word recognition is quite easy than that of the spoken language area. The teacher can employ creative quizzes and exercises to assess the students skills in word recognition.Word search puzzles can be used, wherein they will look for the words and encircle them within the time limit. The teacher can also employ exercises utili zing the aforementioned learning activities much(prenominal) as the word wall. The teacher may jumble the letters of the word and ask the students to spell the words correctly. The cores on the quizzes and the exercises will reflect their improvement on word recognition. Resources In this course, books are not really important since these are aspects of language that are taught through interpersonal activities.However, pertinent sources of culture where the teachers got their instructional materials should be mentioned to the students for them to cope on the lesson. Suggested Readings Department for Education and Skills (DfES) & Qualifications plan Authority (QCA). (2003). Speaking, Listening, Learning working with children in Key Stages 1 and 2. Handbook. capital of the United Kingdom DfES Publications. Cambers, J. Ready, set, read. (2003). Tucson, Arizona Zephyr Press. References Cable, C. (2005, October 2). Spoken Language. National Association for Language increase in the C urriculum.Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http//www. naldic. org. uk/ITTSEAL2/teaching/SpokenLanguage. cfm. Hong, S. J. (n. d. ). Word Knowledge Sight Word Recognition. Literacy at School and Home. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http//mason. gmu. edu/cwallac7/TAP/TEST/knowledge/2. html. Oral Presentation. (n. d. ). English for schoolmaster Communication. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http//ec. hku. hk/epc/presentation/. Spoken Language Problems. (2000, April 20). KidSource Online. Retrieved April 2, 2009, from http//www. kidsource. com/LDA/spoken_language. html.

Fiction-writing mode Essay

rhetorical modes are methods for effectively communicating by language and pen. Complete the following chart to identify the purpose and bodily structure of the various rhetorical modes single-valued functiond in academic indite. Provide at least 2 tips for writing distributively type of rhetorical device.Rhetorical Mode Purpose formulate when or why Structure Explain what organizational Provide 2 tips for writing in each rhetorical mode is used. method works best with each rhetorical mode. each rhetorical mode. Narration The purpose of a narration is to Start with enquire yourself if tell stories. Narrations can be Chronological order, which is a method of you deficiency to write a factual or factual story found on events organization that arranges ideas according tofictional story. Next, make a as they happened in real life, time, is the best organizational method for plot summary, which is a or fictional made up or narration. paragraph or outline that imagined describes only the main events that drive the story forward. The purpose of an object lesson Order of importance, which is a method of First, decide on a guinea pig that Illustration is to clearly demonstrate and organization that arrangesideas according toyou are kindle in writing support a point through the use their significance, is the best about. Secondly, vary the phases of evidence. organizational method for illustration. of illustration you use. This way, readers will bide engaged in your writing and ideas. Description The purpose of a verbal description is Spatial order, which is a method of Does your writing follow a prey? to make sure the audience is organization that arranges ideas according to swell writing is focused. Is fully immersed in the words on physical characteristics or appearance, is writing written for a purpose? the page. The writer describes the best organizational them. Good writing is grammatically his or her world through sensory be a

Enter Thomas Hardy Essay

Enter Thomas audacious, Alfred Lord Tennyson, Robert browning, Gerard Manley Hopkins and William Blake. The poets be seated slightly a sm both table in a crowded and agitate Chinese restaurant, at the heart of Texas. After the initial shock and fanaticism of their unwonted experience, they all meditate on the state of the gentle creations gentle piece of music in which they flip accidentally landed, poring over a newspaper cut that announces the goal of a young girl as a result of diacetylmorphine overdose.A heavy privateness has set on the poets table, in distant contrast to the loud mirth of the small Chinese restaurant. Raising his brow, braw interrupts the silence. He speaks slowly, with a clear unless tired voice Hardy Surely my beliefs are streng pasted by this terrible mishap. If only thither was a malevolent ruler of the universe to blame for the cruel remainder of this young girl. Then all our voices would roar against him, accusing him of injustice and absurdit y. We would pure t maven betrayed and angry that the supreme ruler of the human beings ill-uses his creatures so.But I key out it clear now, as I throw off gather inn it and heard it so much in the mysterious and neutral voice of nature all rough me the universe is a hollow shell there is no some other(prenominal) voice in this world than that of nature and guess echoing by the ages and creating havoc in our poor, somebody existence. The demise of this beautiful fry is the resolving of the impersonal and cruel force of chance to all our accepts and ideals. There are m whatso incessantly a(prenominal) of us who defecate fallen in love life with the world and its wonders, as there are many of us who put one over firelessly abominated it.I get under ones skin heard the world speak to me many fourth dimensions, warning me not to look for meanss where there are none. I have coherent heard it say to me not to look for promises in the sack up of un reliableties and in the play of chance. This is what the world has long said to me I do not promise overmuch, Child overmuch Just neutral-tinted haps and such. This fine warning still rings in my ears to sidereal day. There is only chance in this world, that is all there is. Nothing lasts and no sense drop be made of all we see around us. We look for meanings where there are only occurrences. One happening follows another and we are at the mercy of chance and time.Despite our passionate search for answers, the nature sends defend only a dispassionate, neutral response, playing its games and rolling the cuts. Casualty is the nigh powerful governing law we have and there is no hope for escape. It is this crass Casualty that obstructs the sun and rain, giving us the good enough moments and the bad moments by turns. Nature follows its own logic, not ours. And time plays dice with the world, casting its sums of moans and joy and making us obey its impersonal and strangle force. I do not see an y other meaning in the termination of this young girl.She, like the rest of us, was in the men of chance. Had her life been long and happy, she would have owed it all to chance still. There is likewise much arbitrariness in everything to believe we are ruled by a god who reasons and who loves. Nothing happens for a reason. Do not barely look for meaning in this my friends, for there are none and neer expect much, for there is nothing more The others have listened in silence to Hardys disconsolate speech. When he ceased however, Tennyson began in a tremulous, move voice Tennyson Oh, my friends, these would have been my own address once.Like you, I would have looked upon this young girls close as the substantiation of all my aching questions. I have often felt like an baby crying desperately for knowledge, for the light of meaning to suppress the nefariousness of the world At times there seemed to be no answer anywhere. I wanted to see that nothing walks with aimless feet, t hat there is no decease of life and that everything that happens has a purpose and a meaning in the larger, unobserved order of things. I wanted to understand divinity fudge as the advertent purposeer of all, the divine force that gives meaning to everything there is and does not capture anything to perish.I painfully wavered between belief and disbelief At times, I could not endure the thought that anything in the world was useless or devoid of purpose. If divinity was here with us, a mere worm would have its significance in the world and its come to the fore in eternity on with the consentaneous of the creation. But oftentimes my belief and my need for knowledge stumbled on the carelessness of nature. I wondered many times whether God and Nature were at strife, seeing that Nature lends such evil dreams. The hope in a divine order of things seemed to be shattered every time I beheld the evil workings of nature.Truly, nature seems not to care for the one-on-one life. It cr ushes and destroys and casts life away as rubbish to the void. To me also then nature was a nightmare I could not make any sense of. A while ago, this innocent girls terminal would have seemed another evil deed of nature, an unjust robbery. Life and mans entire existence seemed so futile at certain momentsA mere girl dying for no reason, a whole life cut short because of a misplaced stepOh, how unproblematic it is for reason to doubt everything and for credit to die in the mortal of manBut since, I have been shown a different path and for me faith has been renewed. Even at times like these, I belief that we have God in our souls, even if it difficult to perceive him in nature. I now know that it was the voice in my heart that has kept me from disbelief. apiece time the voice of cold reason interfered and questioned the meaning of all, my heart stood up and answered I have felt Reason made me blind at times, but my heart cried out and melted my anger with its passion. Our know ledge of God comes only in these moments when the heart answers eagerly and warmly to all our questions.The oddment of a child makes me sad beyond speech, but it does not flavour me anymore. I now believe that death is just a outline moment that takes us from lifes shore to deaths domain and Gods infinite ocean. God awaits us on the infinite ocean and he get out be our Pilot ever after, our guiding light in the infinite sea of time and matter. erst I cross over, I hope to see my Pilot baptismal font to face, and I hope that this young girl has already seen him Tennyson had verbalize warmly and tremulously, his whole soul into the words that tumbled from him. From his shaded place at the table, Browning repliedBrowning Your soul is as pure as your faith, my dear Tennyson. We have reached this strange time and place in history to meet death itself and behold it through the eyes of a child. Mortals fear death, with its unknown grasp that will surround each of us as a blot out and transport us to some mysterious realm. Life is strange and death seems even stranger. Any mortal would feel shaken in prior of this last and final struggle. But what could it be in the end, but one more experience and the last in this life? I would hate that Death bandaged my eyes, and forbore and made me creep past. I want to grasp death to the full as I have tasted this life and feel the moment in its fullness. The girl has left this world but psyche will be waiting for her on the other side and her soul will be filled again. Once I am deceased from this world, I know that I will regain my lost love and clasp her in my custody once more. Death is but a brief moment, a struggle that will takes us to a place of eternal peace, where we will rest with God. This world is indeed full of chances and mishaps, but all these will be resolved once we are on the other sideIf love has remained unfulfilled in this life, it will be rekindled in eternity.I do believe that we lose nothin g by death and that the other life is as rewarding as this one. I do not fear death and only expect it to ask me back to my loverThis girl must have led a tormented life, the prey of her own restless desires and questions, like all of us. She will distinguish her peace in the eternal life and she will find her place there. There is nothing to fear, not even deathI will wait for it but not as an end, only as a new and fresh showtime. Browning had but uttered these words that Hopkins beganHopkins Shake off the discontent that has intruded upon your hearts, my friends You see the death of a child as a black and tragic event, and it certainly seems so when our mortal and untrained eyes behold it. Man is frail in the hands of the divine will, his powers are limited. But the more mighty seems the staring(a) ruler of the world The drudgery of our existence seems to hide Gods glory from our eyes. Generations have trod, have trod, have trod and all is seared with backing bleared, smeare d with toil The earth itself smells of man and his works.Yet, in the midst of all this patronage and toil we the world appears charged with the grandeur of God. His creation and power and infinite and so are the possibilities of the world. It is through Gods almighty design that we see light disappear in one part of the world, cognise that it suddenly begins to shine in another. Just like light and darkness always coexist, nothing reigns in nature for an unlimited period of time. by the power of God, the good and the bad coexist in the world at all times. This girls death is compensated by another design of God, perhaps unknown to us at present.Only God could make all these different things come into existence at the similar time. Nature is never spent, there lives the dearest freshness deep tear down things. Tasting life, with its good and bad moments, we taste of the very glory of God, who is watchful to pour his infinite essence into everything there is. Death is not an e nd as long as God lives in everything, as long as joy springs up from each fresh beginning. Each day begins with a morning and ends with a night, and yet nothing is ever the same. Gods glory shines through all things, like a botch that you shake in the light.There are no dead things in this world all matter becomes translucent and fiery with Gods light. With a death, the world may seem bent like a hunchback, crushed underneath the weight of loss, but overall I see the shining spirit of the Holy Ghost shaking its bright wing The body of the world will ever be lifted by the wings of the almighty spirit There is no permanent death and no reason for sorrow in a world in which we see the proof of Gods greatness in everything. gather up how to see the world anew, rejoicing in the immense power of the Lord, that is without beginning and without end

Communication with individuals who have dementia Essay

Alzheimers diseaseShort-term memory passing is associated with Alzheimers disease. Individuals affected with this disease whitethorn be futile to reckon things that rich person just happened or ask the resembling questions duplicateedly. Individuals conform toing with it grass also for repel wad this could be just forgetting their names and last just forgetting who they argon. This itself chamberpot cause colloquy issues and the item-by-item whitethorn non know who they argon talking with and on top of that may repeat the same dowrys of the conversation over and over as they get under ones skin forgotten what has already been said. Individuals may also struggle in pay offing the expert wrangling or bay windowt remember the right word for what they want to say so it can be toil almost to hold a conversation. If they cant explicate what they mean correctly an exclusive with madness may suffer frustrated and this can a good deal be dismissed as agitation or aggression.Vascular lunacyWith Vascular Dementia although the causes are diverse to Alzheimers a part of the symptoms are similar. For represent they may suffer memory tone ending, lose things and be disorientated. All these things can cause difficulties when communicating. There can be different symptoms of vascular mania as different areas of the brain can be affected but most include slower thinking processes. intercourse practically becomes slow and the several(prenominal) may draw it hard to invent the right word or forget what they were laborious to say in the first place. This is precise thwarting for them. People are often tempted to polish off their reprobates off for them which can lead to further frustration as its usually finished wrongly and not what they wanted to say.Read more get wind the Role of Communication and Interactions With Individuals Who Have DementiaDementa with Lewy Bodies (DLB)Again this does have m all common symptoms with Alzheimer s and Vascular hallucination. For example memory loss and freak erupt but it also has some other symptoms that arent ever found in other ashess of craziness. Someone with DLB may experience visual hallucinations. This means they assemble things that arent existently there. An private experiencing hallucinations may beextremely frightened by them and be very afraid. They are very real to the various(prenominal) and should be taken seriously. It can be difficult to comfort person with hallucinations as it can cause them a lot of distress.When the person is experiencing hallucinate it can cause communion difficulties as the person isnt in touch with what is real and what is not as the hallucinations are very real to them. Non-verbal comfort and lots of reassurance are the best means to come ab emerge with mortal during hallucinations. Vivid dreams can also be experienced with this kind of lunacy. Individuals with DLB may show different levels of alertness. There te mpers can change quickly from macrocosm chatty one minute to not knowing who you are the next. It is all- strategic(a) to have flexible communion so you can reply to the unmarrieds fancy appropriately. An single experiencing this form of dementia are also susceptible to move and trips as there balance can be affected.Fronto-temporal dementiaThis form of dementia can be found in older sight but is often found in younger people amongst 30 to 60. Early stage symptoms are similar to other forms of dementia. For instance communication issues such as forgetting or not understanding words or peoples names. There isnt memory loss in the advance(prenominal) stages but it seems wish well there is because of the communication fusss. Personality changes are often common in this form of dementia. The may become extrovert when they werent in front or vice versa, they may behaving inappropriately or over opine empathy. They can behave inappropriately, for instance removing clothing in public or sh knocked out(p)ing loudly. It can seem like they are creation self-centered as they can lack warmth for others. The personality changes can view communication difficult. Especially for people that have known the person before they suffered with dementia. They may feel that they male parentt know the person anymore and sire it hard to interact with them. 1.2Physical and mental wellness factors should always be considered when communicating with an individual that suffer with dementia. For instance they may have eye sight problems or not be able to visualise well which can affect their ability to spread abroad. Hearing and vision problems should notbe over looked. Regular eye and hearing tests should be performed as an individual with dementia may not be able to communicate that there is a problem. Glasses and hearing aid batteries should be check over officially. Someone misfortunate with dementia may also have problems with pain. They may beat it hard to communicate what the problem is or where the pain is attack from.They may not be able to express or explain that they are in pain. Pain can cause other problems such as lack of concentration, increased memory loss, aggressive behaviour, dormancy problems and mood swings or a short temper. These are often mistaken for the persons dementia because of their lack of communication skills. It is great that people working with individuals that suffer from dementia are aware that pain could be a factor. Physical impairment or illness quests to be taken into consideration. Someone who has had a stroke or has an illness like cerebral palsy may have difficulty with speech but not with memory problems. An individual with early stage dementia may understand perfectly what you are saying to them but may have difficulty communicating back. They may not be able to find the words are throw the wrong words in the sentence.This can be very frustrating for them. You have to patient and let them sp eak without bear witnessing to finish the sentence off for them. When dealing with an individual regularly you can become known with the way they communicate which can make it easy for both of you. An individual suffering with dementia may experience depression or anxiety. This to a fault can cause communication problems as it can affect how they oppose to others. They may not be interested in being refer in having a conversation which can make it hard for others trying to talk to them. It can also cause reduced concentration and problems with sleeping which then can lead to more confusion. This can make communication and other forms of fundamental interactions extremely difficult.1.3When communicating with an individual who has sensory impairment it is important to use hand gestures, body language, nervus facialis expressions and touch. Various aids or equipment can also be used such as flit cards, pictures or pledge language to champion understanding. If an individual suf fers from hearing loss it is important to en certain(a) that hearing aids are fitted correctly, working mightily and batteries are changed regularly. When public speaking tosomeone with hearing loss you need to be not too far away from them, speak clearly and dont shout. Some individuals with hearing problems can lip read and some may be able to do sign language. Gestures and pointing to things can help and the use of flash cards could also be of use. As dementia progresses though, an individual may find it more difficult to use sign language or lip read as it becomes harder for them to remember how to do it. Glasses or contact lenses are the most common way of assisting someone who is visually impaired.You should ensure that the lenses are clean and that the individual has regular eye tests to ensure that they are wearing the right prescription render. An individual suffering with dementia may forge to put there glasses on so it is important to remind them to put them on. If so meone has gruelling visual impairment you should not just suddenly begin speaking as they may not have realised you were there. Make sure that you introduce yourself when speaking so they know who it is and you dont floor them. You may need to use touch more than what you would when speaking to someone fully sighted as they will not see facial expressions, body language and gestures. It is important to maintain good communication and interaction as some with visuals impairment suffering with dementia can find the progression of the illness very frightening.1.4Individuals with dementia often demonstrate problem behaviour. There are many things that may contribute to such behaviours blush something as simple as an uncomfortable, loud, or stressful environment. They could be experiencing pain, or be finding it hard to communicate or carry out simple tasks or perhaps there in unfamiliar surroundings. As a carer it is important that you cut off up on these kinds of situations so you can ease the discomfort of the individual quickly so as dwarfish distress is caused as possible. It is important that you remain calm yourself. fling reassurance to the individual and be patient and relaxed. Use body language and the tone of your sound to try and calm the situation. Sometimes distraction can help, perhaps try and engage them in a different topic of conversation so they then forget that they were angry or unhappy.Sometimes carers can become stressed out or find it hard to cope with a particular individual, at these times it is best to take time out or get someone else to help you. Getting anxious or upset yourself can make their behaviour worse and it isimportant not to take aggressive or problem behaviour personally. If you do find yourself becoming stressed with a situation take time out to relax. Often other individuals need to be involved when supporting an individual with dementia. These could be family and friends, carers or other professionals. For example G P For medical advice and health problems, help with medications and side effects Speech Therapist To help with communication issuesSocial Worker Can often provide useful mise en scene study, family history or situation Dementia Care Adviser Offer advice and technique on ways to improve interactions Advocates Provide information about the persons capacity and what is considered to be in there best interests and will be able to hug drug a view of the persons perspectives Family and friends Can offer information about the person and show you background information. Also may be able to offer advice about communication methods as they know the individual better2.4Dementia is a progressive illness and effects people suffering with it in different ways. A persons communication and interactions are most likely effected but with different levels of difficulty. People with dementia suffer different symptoms but most experience isolation due to change magnitude difficulty with comm unication. Often people assume that an individual with dementia cannot communicate and write them off if they do not get a receipt from them the first time instead of trying a different approach. The symptoms of dementia do often have a whopping impact on how a person communicates and they can often find it difficult to find the right word or repeat the same things several times. They may be confused about where they are or what time period of time there in which also can contribute to making communication difficult but there are different approaches that can be used. Picture cards or flash cards are a good way of finding out what an individual wants when they are unable to find the words. Also its important to watch their body language and gestures to pick up on things that they are trying to communicate.Although dementia does cause great problems with communication it is important for care staff to support and develop new-sprung(prenominal) ways to get slightlyit. Carers and other peoples attitudes play a big part in the offbeat of people with dementia. The best way to respond to the behaviour of an individual with dementia is by using creativity, flexibility, patience and compassion. get int take their behaviour personal, they have an illness that affects the way they behave. It is important to try and establish what is causing the behaviour to reduce the stress for everyone concerned. single of the following could be a factor Medical problem, such as experiencing pain or side effects from medications this needs to be resolute by a GP or a CPN Wandering around a lot this is often caused by boredom or they may be trying to find something or someone.Offering regular mold and activities can help with this Repetitive behaviour this can be caused because they need to or like to feel busy. Give them something to do ask if they would like to help with jobs around the home make them feel important and independent. deportment spark often it can be hard to find the trigger but sometimes a more calming environment can help and distraction techniques can be used. Repetition People with dementia often repeat the same things over and over. This can be very frustrating for carers. They may ask the same questions or do the same activity over and over again. This can be triggered by boredom or environmental factors. Try and comfort them or distract them and look out for similar behaviours or signs. Certain behaviours could indicate that they need the jakes or that they are hungry.Incontinence this is a common problem in people with dementia. They may not be able to find the prat in time and have an accident. An individual with dementia may find this very embarrassing and be upset with themselves. Be understanding and offer reassurance. This can be avoided by prompting regular trips to the toilet.Insomnia Restlessness, agitation, disorientation and other troubling behavior in people with dementia often get worse at the end of the day and sometimes continue throughout the night. A day full of activities and discouraging daytime napping can help.With dementia trouble behaviour can simply just be part of the illness.Carers need to be flexible with how they act to try and address any issues. 4.1Reality orientation is about trying to keep the person suffering with dementia in the here and now by making sure the person knows who and where they are. If they become confused about things then they are change by reversal about anything that isnt reality.Individuals are constantly reminded of the day, place, time and situation they are in. This approach is used as much today. Validation is part of a person centred approach. A persons confusion is accepted and carers do not tell them that their feelings are wrong or try to correct them. The approach focuses on the individuals feelings rather than what they are saying. Their expressed feelings are accepted as being valid and accepted. The idea of this approach is to bu ild trust and increase well-being and is much more commonly used than the reality orientation approach.

Rhetorical Analysis of “A Modest Proposal” Essay

Since the first British colonization attempts of Ireland the island had been a place of tyrannical oppression and prejudicial mistreatment. This went on for centuries, with constant mutiny and resistance. In 1729 Jonathan Swift, an Irish clergyman living in England, denounced the cruel policies of England in a backwards manner. His use of verisimilitude in A Modest marriage project exposes the corruption of British foreign policy towards the wiped out(p) Irish concourse. He captures the minds and hearts of his audience, the British people, by posing a solution to seeming compassionate issues of society, only to use ridiculously horrid ideas to show the rightful(a) state of Irish treatment.To earn the audience of the British people, Swift had to exemplify their heartstrings, as well as set up a tenacious basis for progression. He describes what he aims to solve as issues that would be hold by all par tie beams to be great additional grievances. Among these issues he commun icate homeless beggars, especially children, voluntary Abortions, and the prominent act of thievery among the impoverished youth. His focus on the youth and poor conditions of life would most possible live drawn in the public to consider what he would posterior indicate, as they be issues that were prevalent and of dire need of solution. The human tie to the wellbeing of children would inspire the British people to want to help them in whatever way possible. He also supports his ideas by leaseing that the children shall not be a charge upon their Parents, or the Parish, but be a do good to society by contributing to the Feeding and partly to the Clothing of many Thousands of people. This proposal of marriage not only solves the problems, but does so inexpensively and with an increased improvement of providing for the other impoverished. This logical appeal would most likely consent depict his audience more likely listen to his idea, as it thus would have seemed to be a con venient solution with no just seeming drawbacks.Juxtaposed within these statements Swift began to take down the impoverished people, describing the women as Dams, by and large a term to describe cattle or other pistillate beasts, and Breeders. He slipped in these footing while stating the raw statistics of the cost of a child and the total number of impoverished children coming into Ireland annually. The use of terms of cattle during the hard facts gave Swift the ability to trick the people of Britain into considering, as was almost normal of the time, that these people were not actually people, but reasonable a problem to be solved. By grabbing the attention of his audience and progressing to dehumanize the impoverished people of Ireland, Swift would potentially succeed in convincing, although he did not cogitate in it personally, that the people of Ireland were actually less than human.He then progressed to address his actual proposal that the homeless and impoverished chil dren of Ireland would pull out a most delicious, nourishing, and wholesome Food. He stated various manners of how to prepare the child, when the best time for preparation would be, and even that their skin would project admirable Gloves and Summer Boots. The absolute horror of doing this to human children, which is murder, would then have most likely dawned on the audience. The fact that they now view them as humans, would show the hypocrisy in their previous less-than-human views of the Irish people.Throughout the turn out Swift addressed the lords and gentry specifically, having claimed that a childs sum would be very proper for Landlords, and their skin good in the use of Gloves for Ladys, and Summer Boots for fine Gentlemen. His focus on the profitability of the proposal was also intended to be an appeal to the wealthy controlling power. Having their attention, he then stated that there should be no other expedients on top of the profit of such a system. He was referring to harsh taxes, restrict production and export, forbidding importation of luxury items, and mistreatment of workers and tenets by landlords. By juxtaposing, yet again, this hyperbole of the potential of eating children with the actual treatment of Ireland, saying that the fountain was the preferable of the two, he would most likely make the British people aware of the harshness of their polices and abuses. He made it very clear that he was speaking to the landlords and wealthy, then claimed that what they were doing was better than if they were eating their children. Such a claim is a harsh reality that would potentially have some regard their prejudice and ideals.It is hardly likely that anyone would actually believe that someone would propose such dastardly actions as an honest proposal. By exaggerating the horrors of the ridiculous proposal of eating children he makes it obvious that he doesnt truly believe the British should eat Irish children. He shows that what it means to be human is being destroyed by the practices of the British as it is, just as if they were consuming and murdering their children. By forcing the two things into a juxtaposed parallel, he shows that they are of the same horror and despicable nature.

Black Panther Organization Essay

The Afri throw out Ameri fag mountain, living in the United States of America, be one of the minority companys in the soil that experience terrible situations wherein they argon marginalized. This pigeonholing of plurality have been often targeted by plays of furiousness, racism, bigotry, unfair handling and new(prenominal) acts of in rightful(prenominal)ice. E re all toldy once in a while, in that location ar selected individuals who fought for the cause and the rights of the African American people, individuals analogous Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X atomic number 18 familiar frames from the benighted Left.It similarly included substructure black theologian James Cone, left- go black civil rights activistic James Forman, left-wing black sociologist Robert Allen, 1960s ancestor black litterateur Julius Lester, and James Boggs, black worker- friendlyist sparer and activist (Mc Cartney 133). Standing shoulder to shoulder with these individuals who contri buted largely to the advancement of the African American cause is one of the very prominent groups that became the vanguard that defended, protected and advanced the cause of the African American people as an brass.And this is the contraband lynx. This paper is focused on discussing several(prenominal) roughly-valuable aspects about the char jaguar as a disposalal presidency that influenced the troupe as frequently as it influenced its individual ingredients, in the process of paying the fond prominence and influence that the group managed to create for itself since its understructure and during the time before it line of descentd to forcefulness and social clout. The color puma storyTo be able to understand the discolor cougar political pop outy better, it is classic to cheat how the placement started, what prompted the formation of the group, how it rose to social prominence, how it managed to recruit much members and grow in numbers, the finiss and nouss of the companionship and how it eventually affected the ball club. While in that respect be historians who would talk about the chronological development privileged the drear panther companionship to attribute to the beginnings of the company, there are those who will apologize the beginnings of the fellowship in varied manner.They explain how the caller was a go away of the efforts of both(prenominal) of the people who look atd that it is about time that a group is organized. thither is an organized approach towards fighting the social injustice that the African Americans in the country are facing. While opposite historians point to the date, the founding baffle of the company and other data to establish the roots and early beginnings of the troupe, others obviously refer to the beginnings of the political plowsharey as to a greater extent of a collective reception by the people who can non take the social injustice and oppression both longer.It grew o ut of the social evils of an unjust, oppressive system (Seale 3). Some believed that the fundament of the nigrify catamount caller was a product of a necessity. While others believed that the concept of the group was a result of a calcu deepd scheme undertaken by the pause and early leaders of the group. They foresaw the change coming in the interior(a) and international social spheres and saw that such a group with the intentions analogous the down in the mouth painter party has the potential to prosper and be an grievous social institution (Seale 3).Others merely believed that the birth of the unrelenting Panther party traced its roots on similar vein like equally radical group which broke away from the original nationalist formation and firm that it was best to create a group which is more radical to achieve more concrete follow throughs and results considering the party as any(prenominal)thing created after the split that happened in the ranks and in the strateg y of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee or the SNCC (Simpson, Yinge 424).While it was, at the same time, a very strong characteristic that a part of the nationalist movement is moving towards radicalizing its actions, its popular opinions, its tenets and other aspects of the organization design to accomplish social change (Simpson, Yinge 424). The color Panther Party officially became an organization after forefathers Huey P. Newton and Bobby Seale created the organization on October 15, 1966. It started with the name moody Panther Party for Self Defense.This is because the main thrust of the organization was the protection that the African Americans desperately need during the time when most of them believed that they are defenseless from the racist attacks on them. This attack was done by snow-white constabulary officers who came to symbolize the design of the main oppressors in the ideals of the group that would be later known via its curter name, The subdue d Panthers Party (Simpson, Yinge 424). The Rise The alternate of the Black Panther Party was attributed to the time straightawayly after the foundation.Most historians nonable that the rise of the group to social prominence happened slightlytime in the late 60s and in the early 70s (followed soon after wards by the steep decrease in popularity halfway through with(predicate) the 70s). The rise to prominence was attributed to the efforts, success and concrete actions that the group has undertaken and achieved through the comparatively short influential blockage that the group had. Many people believed in the ideals of the group, particularly the ten-point program and the belief of the leaders that there is no apprehension why people from different racial background cant get along with each other.This was the idea that the Black Panther and its leadership was nerve-wracking to put forward. Because of the admirable ideology, many supported the group, allowing the group to ri se to fame and prominence specially in cities, states and neighborhoods where Black Panther Party chapters are visible and active (Lazerow, Williams 84). The Black Panther Party was successful in achieving prominence because of its carriage in many affairs that do them a household name.Soon, people were already aware of the Black Panther party, particularly after numerous incidences with the police and the very active radicalism and activism that the group is not afraid to show in the streets. They were part of the consciousness of the masses, may it be the white or the black. The media and the press contributed to the growth of the Black Panther Party by talking about it in the newspaper, in the television and in the radio (Jones 41). The mass communication tools paired with the word of mouth alter the reputation of the Black Panther party and communicated to the people who they are and what they destiny to do.This act of reaching out to the people and reaching out to the gov ernment through violent and non-violent actions comeed nationwide support and catapulted the organization into new and great upper sides never experienced before by the Black Panther Party (Jones 41). An crucial note that serves as proof of the rise of the Black Panther Party in the society is the rise of the position of the organization particularly in the American left wing movement during the teetotum of its social influence.Many believed that there was actually a time that the Black Panther Party was the leading organization that controls the leftists in the country, that the group is actually armed with a high level of clout and influence to go with a high number of Party members including soldiers who are armed and are willing to resort to acts of violence through the use of lethal consequence to defend its claims and social rights which it believed was, for the longest time, denied to them (Simpson, Yinger 424). For about five years, the left wing of the black protest movements was occupied by the Black Panthers.Reference to the period when they were subjects of public attention and controversy may be of value in suggesting some of the consequences of harsh confrontation as a way of trying to increase interracial justice (Simpson, Yinger 424). Even if the authors believed that the Black Panther Party ruled the American left for half a decade, their influence and role in the civil protest action for the African American rights and privileges protracted a few more years before the perceived height of their power and a few years later leading to the decline of the influence of the organization.The Fall But just like any other good thing, the fervor that was the flame of the organization was soon consumed, and just like any other organization, the Black Panther Party was vulnerable to native strife and external pressure. There are those who believed that a large part of the fall of the group was attributed to the negative publicity that the group had during the time when its founder Huey P. Newton was put under trial after he was grasp as a suspect for manslaughter. Of course, there was also other midland instability that contributed to the collapse of the organization.With the changes that are happening inner and outside of the party and how the party was responding to it in return, it became clear through the signs that were displayed by the Party and its members that it would not be long before the group completely loses the breadth and perspicacity of public support, social prominence and popularity that it once had, leading to the chapter in the vivification of the Black Panther party known as their fall from social prominence. integrity day, the group stopped becoming the leader of the American ultra left (Jones 286).Another possible reason why the Black Panthers mazed its influence and power and the hold of the sympathy of the masses is because it disintegrated from within and imploded eventually. It was becau se of the problems that the Black Panther Party has to face upcountryly, particularly the friction that was created after some of the women members asserted more and more power and influence and tried to be independent and authoritarian individuals themselves. It resulted in the subjugation of some of the male person members of the Party, a development which is not in line with the thinking and dogma of the Party (Jones 286).It is female chauvinism and Black womens complicity in the castration of Black men primarily through the receipt of an alleged economic favor that destroyed relationships and families in the Party and elsewhere (Jones 286). What happened was an ironic and odd plait of fate. In the pursuit of equality and justice, the Black Panther Party made it a point that inside the group no, form of injustice would happen. That is why, they did not try to undermine or put the women members in a disdain echelon.But this move proved to be one of the sources of confusion be cause some women had a distracted and distorted view of the loading of women empowerment inside the party, living the Party ideals about women members around differently and counter to what the male Party members expected of them (Jones 286). Obviously influenced by the pseudo-historical analysis of Black womanhood as domineering matriarchs and was seemingly unaware (or unconvinced) of the revised Party elaborateness highlighting the significance of revolutionary comrade sisters to the movement (Jones 286). Perhaps, the most illustrious reason for the fall of the Black Panther Party aside from allegations of internal strife, the participation of its members in illegal activities and the negative image it has been generating through continual acts of violence directed against law enforcement agents some of whom are fellow African Americans is the trial and eventual death of Newton. Newton was considered as a charismatic, clever and powerful leader that held the group strongl y together during his time.But when he started losing control of the group, the group faltered and failed (Mc Cartney 133). Newton was undoubtedly the most forceful, the best-known, and the most ambitious theorist-practitioner of left-wing Black Power, and for these reasons alone his profile is a small-scale means of the entire Black Power left (Mc Cartney 133). The Ideas There is a apothegm that the leader or founder of the group and what he or she stands for greatly describes the ideas and the general ideologies of the group.In the case of the Black Panther Party, understanding the ideas of the groups can be made by understanding its founder Huey P. Newton. Analysts believed that Newton symbolized what the group is all about, including the leanings of the group towards what John T. Mc Cartney explained as counter-communalism or the idea that the civil rights advocates demanded not a separation by the African Americans from the substitute of the US, but a change in the system that can modify the lives of the African Americans in the country (Mc Cartney 133).This was one of the authorized aims of the organization and its founder re haveed what the group was aiming for. In the 1960s, certainly the most visible, if not the most articulate, advocate of Counter-Communalism was Huey P. Newton, the leader of the Black Panther Party (Mc Cartney 133). The Goals and Aims The main goal and aim of the group is to influence social and political spheres. The leadership provides enough and equal attention to the needs of the African American population and not subject this particular minority group in further acts of discrepancy and marginalization.The Black Panther Party, like any leftist group, talked about large(p) the people what they deserve, what they need, what was deprived of them in the past, what they need in the future, pressuring the government to deport to their demands and using the power of the strength of their number as leverage to gain prominen ce and voice that can help the government hear their demands and act upon these demands efficiently and in a just and satisfying manner (Simpson, Yinge 424).The Black Panther Party, no doubt, was a different group compared to the other groups for African American civil rights advocates that came before. After its time, historians, critics and analysts believe that at some point, the Black Panther Party, despite its reputation for violence and police clashes, also shares some similarities with other groups, organizations and movements in the US that looked after the welfare of African American.One of the similarities that the Black Panther party shared with other groups is the aim which the Party and the other organizations wanted to accomplish (Simpson, Yinge 424). Although there are little differences, all in all, the aim of the Black Panther party was very much similar to the aims of the nationalist movement and groups in the US during the time of the Black Panther Party. The aims of the Black Panther were similar to those of other Black national groups, except perhaps for the explicit demands that the government furnish jobs and decent income for all (Simpson, Yinge 424). The Members The Black Panther Party is composed of male and female African American sympathizers and activists. They recruited heavily. The group was full in ranks in no time, establishing its presence in areas that included Los Angeles, Chicago, New York and other key cities and states. These same locations are where the groups newspaper which goes by the same name was printed in large scale and heavily distributed for information dissemination. Like any other organization, the Black Panther assigned individual and group projections.The duties and responsibilities of each member were, in detail, different from each other but in field similar since they all worked to achieve one single goal (Lazerow, Williams 37). The higher(prenominal) echelon members of the Black Panther Party members hip were the ones responsible for the role of the party as a spokesperson of the African American communities who, prior to the creation of the Black Panther Party, was speechless and was not heard by the topical anaesthetic and national leaders.Some of the members of the party were tasked with gathering information about the grievances of the African American communities while some are tasked in double checking these facts so that they are likely and real (Lazerow, Williams 37). The leaders of the group are the ones who present this information to the government officials who are responsible for the different aspects of the grievances that the African American citizens are laying out for the government to address and take action on.Party activists also defined their anti-colonial politics in terms of get-up-and-go onto the municipal political agenda the concerns of local residents who needed jobs, better health care, improved schools, and repaired streets (Lazerow, Williams 37 ). Contrary to the belief that all Black Panthers did was instigate and touch on themselves in violent protests, they also have political maneuvers that included duologue with leaders so that reform is achieved. An important characteristic of the Black Panther Party members is its role not just in activism but also in pro-active vigilance.At the time of the rise of the Black Panther party to prominence, the lives of most African American (particularly male) involves violence, sometimes resulting from individual or gang-related violence or even from acts of violence committed by white police officers and law enforcement units (Lazerow, Williams 37). The Black Panther Party tried to answer and regenerate this problematic situation by actively moving towards police observe of acts of harassment and unjustified physical assault towards African Americans.This is a part of the overall strategy to draw out the presence of injustice in the country which is centered among African Ameri can minorities and is reflected through acts of wanton violence and unrestrained aggression by the white police officers towards African American males (Lazerow, Williams 37). The Panthers famous policing the police drew attention to the spatial remove that white Americans enjoyed from the state violence that had come to characterize life in black urban communities (Lazerow, Williams 37). The members of the Black Panther Party were unafraid to go head-on with the white cops. Their boldness somewhat pushed the white cops back to a more gestateable sense of self control and self regulation. This is an important victory for the Black Panther Party and its members. The Effects they had on order of magnitude The Black Panther Party became popular and epochal not just because of how the party managed to recruit so many members in a short period of time.More importantly, it became prominent because whether the detractors of the Black Panther Party accept it or not, the organization man aged to accomplish something and actually had significant influence in the society especially during the height of its power. It convinced many people to believe and join their cause, which lead to the creation of a Black Panther Party that is filled with many members who are idealists who finally found an organization to which they can affiliate themselves with and actually expect to do something concrete about the stream situation of African Americans in the US (Rabinovich, Reinharz 235).Perhaps one of the important social relevance that the Black Panther Party achieved and what other people actually believed they did was the ability to identify important points of concern present inside the society one of which is the pertinent and relevant information concerning the presence of favoritism in the particular localities where localized Black Panther Party units operate.Wielding credible information, and managing to send this information not just to the authorities who need to do s omething about it who should do something about it but to the public who needs to know about it and who is inspired and at some point agitated by what they learned from the Black Panther Party, is one of the things that it managed to effectively do especially during the height of its power and social prominence. The Black Panthers of Detroit or Chicago had no difficulty in pinning down the exact points at which there is discrimination (Rabinovich, Reinharz 235). In some ways, what made the Black Panther different is its synthesis of many different aspects that involved the left-leaning movement that it has managed to assemble and establish (Rabinovich, Reinharz 235). The Black Panther has taken key concepts from the past and the future and locomote from national to international analysis of social issues that made them a significant group during their time and in the height of the groups power and social influence.By reclaiming the tradition of black radicalism that the Cold War had suppress and linking it to the concrete concerns of black communities, the Party joined the black rights struggle in the United States to a global analysis of capitalism and imperialism (Lazerow, Williams 37). The Black Panther Today But despite the presence of Black Panther and the task that it set about in accomplishing, oddly, the Black Panther itself as an organization was nonetheless victimized by the same problem that it is trying to crystalize to have the African Americans be treated equally as how the society treats the white American citizens during its time.Then, and now, the Black Panther experienced the stigma of the African American people which it represented. Proof of which is the fact that the Black Panther as a group was dummy up viewed or presented by the media and the rest of the society in a way that sometimes creates misconceptions about the group. Due in some part because those which talks about the Black Panther, like the media and the historians, som ewhat leaned towards white Americans. That is why even now, several African American historians, writers and critics still make it their responsibility to ensure that the contemporary public is correctly informed.IT is because of the belief that there are many anti-Black Panther and anti African American propaganda that circulated in the past which may have influenced the thinking, attitude and perception of the newfangled day people about the Black Panthers. There are a lot of misconceptions about the Black Panther Party. I wanted to write this book so people could have a better acuteness into the inner workings of the Party, so that people would have a more true understanding of the Black Panther Party what it really does, the physical body of people who are in it, their everyday lives, the things that have happened to the Party (Seale, p3). expiration The Black Panther Party will always be an important name in the analysis of the different US-based African American social ri ghts advocacy groups. In retrospect during the height of the influence of the Black Panther Party in the society, it can be noticed that the Black Panthers became a success and earned the sympathy of the people because of what it managed to accomplish, what it managed to integrate in its essence as the group improved and developed through the years, what it managed to include in its collective fight for the cause and need of the African American people in the US.The group touched concrete and critical layers of social concerns especially those which affected the African American people. It managed to balance political dialogue with immediate and simplistic social needs without being vague or general. The group proved critical as well as constructive in their pursuit of answers and in providing solutions that can benefit the African American citizens.At the heart of the Panthers anti-colonial politics was an analysis of the relationship between urban black communities and the post-wa r American metropolis and a critique of the concept of liberal let go markets in urban property, employment, and housing, on the other (Lazerow, Williams 37). Works Cited Jones, Charles E. Black Panther Party Reconsidered. Black Classic Press, 1998. Lazerow, Jama and Williams, Yohuru. In Search of the Black Panther Party New Perspectives on a Revolutionary Movement. Duke University Press, 2006. McCartney, John T. Black Power Ideologies An Essay in African American PoliticalThought. synagogue University Press, 1993. Rabinovich, Itamar. Israel in the Middle East Documents and Readings on Society, Politics, and Foreign Relations, Pre-1948 to the Present. Brandeis University Press, 2007. Seale, Bobby. Seize the snip The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. Black Classic Press, 1991. Simpson, George Eaton E. , and Yinger, J. M. racial and Cultural Minorities An Analysis of Prejudice and Discrimination. Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1985. The Black Panther Organization. 2008. 23 November 2008 .