Providing Fresh Water to Arid Regions in the World Essay

An investigation on the feasibleness of different techniques for providing wise to(p) piss system to desiccated regions in the world.Located in a semi- dry zone, S fall outh Africa is one of the thirty driest countries in the world with limited piddle system resources, which atomic number 18 unevenly distributed. In this country, louver one thousand million people of the universe deplete no access to safe drinking irrigate and nearly fifteen million neglect basic sanitation. The lack of drinking piddle is a serious problem, since there ar to a greater extent than 1.6 million children under five yrs whom die every year worldwide.(the water project 2012). This report pass on assess the feasibility of different techniques for providing deglutition water to federation Africa. It exit excessively present different options suitable for arid regions, looking to improve their water resources analyse them, and then concluding by pointing out which is the most feasible and efficient technique. soilFrom apartheid to epidemics such as aids or tuberculosis, South Africa has experienced several disasters. right off it has to face a pertly crisis an teemingness of drinkable water. In fact there is several reasons to explain this water crisis. Firstly, the clime change has affected the water yield as rain has become progressively scarce. For instance in Durban the dams are 20 per cent lower than at the beat of 2010. (the water projet) More everywhere, the problem of pollution rages in fact, mining plants in South Africa cook all their cyanogenetic and radioactive ache in Afri substructure rivers. They dump exceedingly toxic substances such as mercury, atomic number 33 and uranium in the river, as it is toxic and reacts violently with water, in one case in it the water pass on be contaminated. The water will therefore pass on a graduate(prenominal)ly acidic pH of 2.2 (pH level reason to that of a lemon). For instance, Wonderfontein Spruit Rive r, one of the largest rivers in South Africa is extremely grime imputable to the 50 tons of uranium mining plants welcome dumped into the river. Likewise, Lake Robinson, a fishing lake, has today a uranium preoccupation of 16mg/L due to toxic waste product (the guardian). consequently more than 1.6 million people die separately year.(waterwise2012)DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS1. Setting up tidal condition plants to purify water which could be installed in the Atlantic Ocean, located coterminous to South Africa these tidal power plants fall their aught from the force of the tide. With this process, when the water is raised energy is attaind, the water could then be striveed through a filtering system (reverse osmosis). by means of this, these plants will non only produce energy from a renewable energy source, but also filter the polluted water. (inventors.about.2012) 2. jibe of a groundwater is a nonher root to provide a fresh water supply. This resource, which makes up 15 per ce nt of the drinkable water in South Africa, represents an all-important(a) source of water. It can provide water to more than 400 cities (water.dwa.gov). In everywhere 90% of the country, it occurs in hard rocks, which have no pore spaces, and it is powered by the infiltration of rainwater (Anthonyturton). This is acquired by oil production a bore, which is then fitted with a organ pipe into the aquifer, pumping the water to the surface (gwd, 2012). In addition, it is high flavour water, as a degree of clay that acts as a filter protects it.3. Measuring and monitoring water partis also a great instruction to make sure the water in the country are usable. It helps limit and stamp down the release of toxic and radioactive waste into the rivers of Africa. The government must put in place measures prohibiting any discharge that may contaminate the water. To achieve this, the government must find an alternative solution for the toxic waste dumped into the rivers such as charm center set up in order to collect the waste and maybe even recycle the waste. If this is done, then many of the rivers and lakes in South Africa will be clean again and could become a clean water resource once again.COMPARISON AND VIABILITY OF THE DIFFERENT SOLUTIONS1. Setting up power plants is anformer(a) solution that could be used. The tidal power plants provide an almost inexhaustible amount of water, thus fitted not only for the entire population but also for its agricultural and industrial sectors. Moreover, since these plants use renewable energy and non-polluting, it reduces the concentration of pollution added to the water. However, the implementation of these tidal power plants is expensive and therefore need investing from the government and organizations, which might not be able to provide (Elmelech 2006). However, the invention of new nanotechnology can reduce expenditures and promote the installment. (Polyzou 2010) 2. Excavation of groundwater The groundwater does not pollute as easily as other water sources.Indeed, consort to Carr and Neary it may take years to be able to pollute the reserves groundwater. However, the ground has disadvantages as the amount of water, which is not renewable. In fact, the majority of groundwater has been charged over the previous periods, in different climates. As fossil fuels were created under conditions that have not existed for a long time, this freshwater fossil is considered non-renewable. Thus, once aquifers have declined they will depart from to be a resource because they will not charge in the future. (groundwater.org) 3. monitor or measuring water whole tone developenacted anti-pollution measures is a solution that doesnt require great expenditures. Indeed, water already exists and is eager not to be polluted, to be drunk. But in a ontogeny country, like South Africa, the corruption, which is everywhere, prevents the compliance with these measures.CONLUSIONTo conclude, the water crisis, which r ages in South Africa, is due to humanity activities. To cope, the country has several alternatives such as set up power plants, jab of a groundwater or monitoring or measuring water quality. All these options, which have the same aim to provide fresh water, present advantages but also inconveniences. In one hand, the reserve of groundwater may be out of stock due to the harvest-time of population and the insufficiency of water. However, on other hand, the installment of tidal power plants can be a surprisingly high-priced project. The best solution seems to implement protocol against pollution of fresh water, as its effective, practical, and not an expensive way.REFERENCES1. The Water Project.(2012).Water In Crisis Spotlight South Africa.online obtainable at < http//thewaterproject.org/water-in-crisis-south-africa.php> Accessed 24 November 2012.2. Waterwise.(2012).Water Wise Causes of Water Pollution. online uncommitted at <http//www.waterwise.co.za/site/water/ enviro ns/causes-of-water-pollution.html > Accessed 20 November 2012.3. gwd. (2012). Ground water partition of GSSA. Online visible(prenominal) at < http//www.environment.act.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0017/153332/UMCCC_Groundwater_Factsheet.pdf> . Accessed 23 November 2012.4. Bellis.M. How tidal Power Plants Work. online useable at <http//inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventions/a/tidal_power.htm> Accessed 11 November 2012.5. Woodford.A and Rosewarne.P. (2012). HOW MUCH GROUNDWATER DOES southeasterly AFRICA HAVE?. Online Available at < http//www.anthonyturton.com/admin/my_ documents/my_files/SRK_Woodfood_How_much_Groundwater_does_SA_have.pdf > Accessed 16 November 2012.6. Polyzou.E. Willigness to pay for drinking water quality improvement and the the influence of social capitall. Online Available at < http//www.liv.ac.uk/libraby/e-books.htlm > Accessed 12 November 2012.7. Elimelech.M.(2005). The global contest for adequate and safe water. Online Available at < &l thttp//www.liv.ac.uk/libraby/e-books.htlm > Accessed 10 November 2012.8. Carr,G. and Neary.J (2008).water quality for ecosystem and human health. Online Available at < http//www.unep.org/gemswater/Portals/24154/publications/pdfs/water_quality_human_health.pdf > Accessed 18 November 2012.9. Groundwater.org.what is the groundwater?. Online Available at < http//www.groundwater.org/kc/whatis.html> Accessed 17 November 2012.10. Dwa.gov. Background of the NORAD back up Programme on the Sustainable ripening of Groundwater Sources under the Community Water and sanitation Programme in South Africa. Online Available at < http//www.dwa.gov.za/Groundwater/norad.aspx> Accessed 17 November 2012.